Gini Coefficient
Also called: Gini index, Lorenz curve, income inequality measure
The Gini coefficient summarises inequality in a single number from 0 (everyone equal) to 1 (one person has everything). It's computed from the Lorenz curve, the gap between the actual income distribution and perfect equality. Its limitation is that a single number hides shape: two countries with the same Gini can differ completely in whether the gap sits between the poor and the middle or the middle and the very rich.
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