Card-Not-Present Fraud
Also called: CNP fraud, online card fraud, e-commerce fraud
Card-not-present fraud is unauthorised use of card details in transactions where the physical card isn't presented — online, phone, mail order. It became the dominant fraud type after chip cards made counterfeiting hard, a textbook example of displacement rather than reduction. Liability generally falls on the merchant, which is why 3-D Secure authentication, which shifts it back to the issuer, is now widespread.